Lomi is a holistic healing tradition beyond simple massage.
Hawaiian kupuna Auntie Margaret Machado describes lomilomi as "praying" work. Like all endeavors in old Hawai'i, lomilomi was conducted with prayer and intention. As stated by Emma Akana Olmstead, a kupuna of Hana, Maui, in the 1930s, "When a treatment is to be given, the one who gives the treatment first plucks the herbs to be used. He prays as he picks the herbs. No one should call him back or distract his attention, all should be as still as possible for they do not want the vibration broken. They knew the laws of vibration. They knew the power of the spoken word. They knew Nature. They gathered the vibration of the plentiful.
The early Polynesian settlers (from the Marquesas, or Tahiti, or both) brought their own form of massage, and like a canoe plant, it evolved to become something uniquely Hawaiian. It was practiced by everyone, from child to chief. After American missionaries arrived in 1820 and converted many in the Kingdom of Hawaii to Christianity, traditional healing arts were scorned as heathen and primitive. Various laws prohibited "heathen" worship and any related Native Hawaiian healing practices.
Lomi lomi as part of medical practice went underground. But lomilomi as restorative massage remained popular not only among the Hawaiians, but among foreign residents and visitors as well.
American writer Charles Nordhoff wrote about his experience with lomilomi massage in his 1875 book, Northern California, Oregon, and the Sandwich Islands. For Robert Louis Stevenson it was "disagreeable," but English adventurer Isabella Bird found it delightful. Not only did foreigners receive lomilomi, they also gave it. According to the first Director of the Bishop Museum, writing in 1908, one of the most skilled practitioners was Sanford Dole (one of the leaders of the overthrow of the Kingdom).
Although the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawai'i banned curing through "superstitious methods" in 1886, massage was not subject to legislation until 1945. In 1947, the Board of Massage was established to regulate lomilomi and massage. The law required practitioners to pass a written test on anatomy, physiology and massage theory. Many renowned native healers were unable or unwilling to pass the test, and thus lomilomi as restorative massage was forced underground. In 2001, the Legislature passed Act 304, amending HRS section 453, allowing native practitioners to be certified by the Hawaiian medical board, Papa Ola Lokahi, or by the various community health centers. This law is controversial among some native practitioners, but those who are certified can provide lomilomi without fear of prosecution under Hawai'i state law.